Venezuelan gold back in geopolitics: reforms, trade agreements, and informal routes
Venezuela is at a turning point in its mining sector: after years of informal gold trade routes and international sanctions, the country is implementing a series of legal reforms, institutional reorganizations, and strategic agreements with international actors such as Trafigura. Acting President Delcy Rodríguez seeks to modernize the Mining Law, formalize artisanal mining, and attract foreign investment, while the United States pressures for lower royalties and to ensure security in extraction zones. With safe corridors, corporate mergers, and responsible sourcing schemes, Venezuelan gold is once again becoming a focal point of geopolitics and the global economy.